{
    "api": "YAML JSON TOON Database",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "format": "json",
    "dataset": {
        "id": 71,
        "slug": "philosophical-traditions",
        "title": "Philosophical Traditions and Schools of Thought",
        "description": "Major philosophical traditions: ancient Greek philosophy, Eastern philosophy (Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism), Enlightenment rationalism and empiricism, and existentialism.",
        "category": "Philosophy",
        "category_slug": "philosophy",
        "tags": "philosophy,greek,eastern,buddhism,confucianism,existentialism,rationalism,empiricism,ethics,metaphysics",
        "view_count": 0,
        "created_at": 1778695229,
        "updated_at": 1778695229
    },
    "data": {
        "traditions": [
            {"name": "Ancient Greek Philosophy", "period": "6th century BCE - 6th century CE", "key_thinkers": ["Socrates (Socratic method, ethics, 'know thyself')", "Plato (Theory of Forms, philosopher-kings, The Republic)", "Aristotle (logic, virtue ethics, metaphysics, empiricism)", "Epicurus (hedonism as absence of pain, atomism)", "Zeno (Stoicism: virtue as living in accordance with nature)"], "central_questions": ["What is the nature of reality?", "What is the good life?", "What can we know?"], "legacy": "Foundation of Western philosophy; logic, ethics, metaphysics, political theory"},
            {"name": "Buddhist Philosophy", "period": "5th century BCE - present", "key_concepts": [{"concept": "Four Noble Truths", "description": "Life is suffering (dukkha); cause is craving; cessation is possible; path leads to cessation"}, {"concept": "Eightfold Path", "description": "Right view, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, concentration"}, {"concept": "Anatta (No-Self)", "description": "No permanent, unchanging self; self is a collection of aggregates (skandhas)"}, {"concept": "Dependent Origination", "description": "All phenomena arise in dependence on conditions; nothing exists independently"}], "schools": ["Theravada (early teachings, Pali Canon)", "Mahayana (bodhisattva ideal, emptiness/sunyata)", "Zen (direct insight, meditation, koans)"]},
            {"name": "Confucianism", "period": "6th century BCE - present", "key_thinkers": ["Confucius (Analects: ren/benevolence, li/ritual propriety)", "Mencius (human nature is inherently good)", "Xunzi (human nature is inherently selfish; requires cultivation)"], "core_virtues": [{"virtue": "Ren (仁)", "description": "Benevolence, humaneness, empathy for others"}, {"virtue": "Li (禮)", "description": "Ritual propriety, proper conduct in social relationships"}, {"virtue": "Xiao (孝)", "description": "Filial piety; respect for parents and ancestors"}, {"virtue": "Yi (義)", "description": "Righteousness; doing what is morally right"}], "social_structure": "Five relationships: ruler-subject, father-son, husband-wife, elder-younger brother, friend-friend"},
            {"name": "Rationalism (17th-18th century)", "key_thinkers": ["René Descartes (Cogito ergo sum; mind-body dualism; innate ideas)", "Baruch Spinoza (monism; God = Nature; determinism)", "Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (monads; pre-established harmony; best of all possible worlds)"], "core_belief": "Reason is the primary source of knowledge; certain truths are innate or deducible by pure reason", "method": "Deductive reasoning from self-evident first principles (like mathematics)", "famous_argument": "Descartes' method of doubt → 'I think, therefore I am' as indubitable foundation"},
            {"name": "Empiricism (17th-18th century)", "key_thinkers": ["John Locke (tabula rasa; all knowledge from experience)", "George Berkeley (esse est percipi; to be is to be perceived)", "David Hume (skepticism about causation, induction, and the self)"], "core_belief": "All knowledge originates in sensory experience; no innate ideas", "method": "Inductive reasoning from observation and experiment", "hume_skepticism": "Causation is not observable; we only see constant conjunction. Induction cannot be rationally justified. Self is just a 'bundle of perceptions'."},
            {"name": "Existentialism (19th-20th century)", "key_thinkers": ["Søren Kierkegaard (leap of faith; anxiety of freedom; subjective truth)", "Friedrich Nietzsche (death of God; will to power; eternal recurrence; Übermensch)", "Jean-Paul Sartre (existence precedes essence; radical freedom; bad faith)", "Martin Heidegger (Being and Time; Dasein; being-toward-death)", "Albert Camus (absurdism; revolt against meaninglessness)"], "core_themes": ["Individual existence and freedom", "Authenticity vs. bad faith", "Anxiety and responsibility of choice", "Meaning created by the individual, not given by God or nature", "Confrontation with mortality and absurdity"], "famous_quote": "Sartre: 'Man is condemned to be free; because once thrown into the world, he is responsible for everything he does.'"}
        ]
    }
}