api: "YAML JSON TOON Database"
version: "1.0.0"
format: "json"
dataset:
  id: 65
  slug: "cell-biology-basics"
  title: "Cell Biology: Organelles and Functions"
  description: "Eukaryotic cell organelles, their structures and functions: nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cell membrane transport."
  category: "Biology"
  category_slug: "biology"
  tags: "biology,cell-biology,organelles,eukaryotic,mitochondria,nucleus,cell-membrane"
  view_count: 0
  created_at: 1778695229
  updated_at: 1778695229
data:
  organelles:
    - name: "Nucleus"
      function: "Stores genetic material (DNA); site of transcription and RNA processing"
      structure: "Double membrane (nuclear envelope) with nuclear pores; contains nucleolus"
      key_processes:
        - "DNA replication"
        - "Transcription"
        - "Ribosome subunit assembly in nucleolus"
    - name: "Mitochondria"
      function: "ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation; cellular respiration"
      structure: "Double membrane; inner membrane folded into cristae; contains own circular DNA"
      key_processes:
        - "Citric acid cycle (matrix)"
        - "Electron transport chain (inner membrane)"
        - "ATP synthesis"
    - name: "Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)"
      function: "Rough ER: protein synthesis and folding. Smooth ER: lipid synthesis, detoxification, calcium storage"
      structure: "Network of membranous tubules and sacs; rough ER has ribosomes on surface"
      key_processes:
        - "Protein folding (rough ER)"
        - "Lipid biosynthesis (smooth ER)"
        - "Calcium homeostasis"
    - name: "Golgi Apparatus"
      function: "Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles"
      structure: "Stack of flattened membrane-bound cisternae (cis, medial, trans faces)"
      key_processes:
        - "Glycosylation"
        - "Protein sorting"
        - "Vesicle formation for secretion"
    - name: "Lysosomes"
      function: "Intracellular digestion; break down waste materials, damaged organelles, and engulfed pathogens"
      structure: "Membrane-bound vesicles containing ~60 hydrolytic enzymes (acid hydrolases)"
      key_processes:
        - "Autophagy"
        - "Phagocytosis"
        - "Programmed cell death (apoptosis)"
    - name: "Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)"
      function: "Selective barrier; regulates transport in/out of cell; cell signaling and adhesion"
      structure: "Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins (fluid mosaic model); cholesterol for stability"
      key_processes:
        - "Passive diffusion"
        - "Active transport (pumps)"
        - "Receptor-mediated signaling"
        - "Endocytosis/exocytosis"
    - name: "Ribosomes"
      function: "Protein synthesis (translation of mRNA into polypeptide chains)"
      structure: "Two subunits (large + small); composed of rRNA and proteins; 80S in eukaryotes, 70S in prokaryotes"
      key_processes:
        - "Translation"
        - "Co-translational translocation (to ER)"
    - name: "Cytoskeleton"
      function: "Maintains cell shape; enables cell movement; intracellular transport; cell division"
      structure: "Microtubules (tubulin), microfilaments (actin), intermediate filaments"
      key_processes:
        - "Mitosis/meiosis (spindle fibers)"
        - "Muscle contraction (actin-myosin)"
        - "Vesicle transport (kinesin/dynein on microtubules)"