api: "YAML JSON TOON Database"
version: 1.0.0
format: toon
dataset:
  id: 367
  slug: cell-biology-basics
  title: "Cell Biology: Organelles and Functions"
  description: "Eukaryotic cell organelles, their structures and functions: nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cell membrane transport."
  category: Biology
  category_slug: biology
  tags: "biology,cell-biology,organelles,eukaryotic,mitochondria,nucleus,cell-membrane"
  view_count: 3
  created_at: 1781275786
  updated_at: 1781275786
data:
  organelles
    [8]{name,function,structure,key_processes}:
      Nucleus,"Stores genetic material (DNA); site of transcription and RNA processing","Double membrane (nuclear envelope) with nuclear pores; contains nucleolus",["DNA replication","Transcription","Ribosome subunit assembly in nucleolus"]
      Mitochondria,"ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation; cellular respiration","Double membrane; inner membrane folded into cristae; contains own circular DNA",["Citric acid cycle (matrix)","Electron transport chain (inner membrane)","ATP synthesis"]
      "Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)","Rough ER: protein synthesis and folding. Smooth ER: lipid synthesis, detoxification, calcium storage","Network of membranous tubules and sacs; rough ER has ribosomes on surface",["Protein folding (rough ER)","Lipid biosynthesis (smooth ER)","Calcium homeostasis"]
      "Golgi Apparatus","Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles","Stack of flattened membrane-bound cisternae (cis, medial, trans faces)",["Glycosylation","Protein sorting","Vesicle formation for secretion"]
      Lysosomes,"Intracellular digestion; break down waste materials, damaged organelles, and engulfed pathogens","Membrane-bound vesicles containing ~60 hydrolytic enzymes (acid hydrolases)",["Autophagy","Phagocytosis","Programmed cell death (apoptosis)"]
      "Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)","Selective barrier; regulates transport in/out of cell; cell signaling and adhesion","Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins (fluid mosaic model); cholesterol for stability",["Passive diffusion","Active transport (pumps)","Receptor-mediated signaling","Endocytosis\/exocytosis"]
      Ribosomes,"Protein synthesis (translation of mRNA into polypeptide chains)","Two subunits (large + small); composed of rRNA and proteins; 80S in eukaryotes, 70S in prokaryotes",["Translation","Co-translational translocation (to ER)"]
      Cytoskeleton,"Maintains cell shape; enables cell movement; intracellular transport; cell division","Microtubules (tubulin), microfilaments (actin), intermediate filaments",["Mitosis\/meiosis (spindle fibers)","Muscle contraction (actin-myosin)","Vesicle transport (kinesin\/dynein on microtubules)"]